COMMENTARIA IN LIBRUM SECUNDUM SENTENTIARUM
by St. Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, O. F. M.
DOCTOR SERAPHICUS
WITH TEXT OF THE BOOK OF SENTENCES BY PETER LOMBARD
ENGLISH TRANSLATION by The Franciscan Archive
As Part of the Commentary Project
Accompanied by the Latin Text of the Quaracchi Edition, in Parallel
With the footnotes and Scholia of the Quaracchi Editors
© 2007,2008 Br. Alexis Bugnolo
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This "Summa" of Theology stands shoulder-to-shoulder with that of St. Thomas Aquinas, but which differs from it by retaining the outlook of the Greek and Latin Fathers, while reconciling Aristotle with St. Augustine.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THIS ENGLISH TRANSLATION
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BOOK II
DE RERUM CREATIONE ET FORMATIONE CORPORALIUM ET SPIRITUALIUM ET ALIIS PLURIBUS EO PERTINENTIBUSPREFACE: [certain considerations concerning objections to Book I of St. Bonaventure's Commentary, and Master Peter’s Eight Improbable Opinions]
Foreword (Proœmium) [introduction to the contents of Master Peter of Lombard's Second Book of Sentences]
A List of Chapters in Book Two
DISTINCTION I
Part I, Chapter 1: That there is one Beginning, not more.
Chapter 2: What it is to create, what to make.
Chapter 3: According to what reckoning are words of this kind: “to do”, “to make”, said of God.
Part II, Chapter 4: For what reason has a rational creature been made, that is man and/or Angel.
Chapter 5: In what manner man is said (to have) been made “for the sake of the reparation of the downfall of the Angels”.
Chapter 6: For what reason has man been thus instituted, that (his) soul has been united to a body.DISTINCTION I: Part I: On the creation of human nature as much as regards its efficient principle in general, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the entity of the principle of things.
Question 1: Whether things have a causal principle?
Question 2: Whether the world was produced from eternity, or in time?ARTICLE II: On unity of the principle of things.
Question 1: Whether things have been produced into ‘being’ by several principles?
Question 2: Whether the First Principle produced all things by Itself, or by means of another?ARTICLE III: On the very production or creation of things.
Question 1: Whether ‘creation’ means a change?
Question 2: Whether creation means a medium between Creator and creature?
DOUBTS on the text of the First Part of Master Peter's First Distinction
DISTINCTION I: Part II: On the multitude, end and distinction of creatures
ARTICLE I: On the distinction of things.
Question 1: Whether from a first efficient principle there ought, and/or could be a multitude of things?
Question 2: Whether the university of things is distinguished according to a threefold difference, namely, according to spiritual substance, corporal substance and that composed out of each?ARTICLE II: On the order of things to their end and to one another.
Question 1: Which is the more principal end of founded things, whether the Divine Glory, or our utility?
Question 2: Whether the spiritual nature excels in the dignity of nature the nature composed out of the spiritual and corporal?ARTICLE III: On the manner of distinguishing the angelic spirit from the rational soul.
Question 1: Whether the Angel and the soul differ in species?
Question 2: What is the difference, through which an Angel and a soul differ?
DOUBTS on the text of the Second Part of Master Peter's First Distinction
DISTINCTION II
Part I, Chapter 1: On the Angels, when they were made.
Chapter 2: That nothing was made before heaven and earth.
Chapter 3: That together with time and with the world the spiritual and corporal creature began.
Part II, Chapter 4: Where were the Angels then created?
Chapter 5: That the mater of (things) visible and the nature of invisibles was created together, and each formless.
Chapter 6: In what manner did Lucifer say: “I shall ascend into Heaven”?DISTINCTION II: Part I: When the Angels were created and on the measures of their duration, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the measure of the angelic nature in itself.
Question 1: Whether spiritual beings have their own measure?
Question 2: Whether of all eviternals there is one aevum?
Question 3: Whether spiritual (beings) have a permanent, and/or a successive measure?ARTICLE II: On the measure of the angelic nature in comparison to the measure of a corporal thing.
Question 1: Whether an aevum precedes time in any manner?
Question 2: Whether between time and an aevum there is any intermediary measure?
Question 3: Whether spiritual and corporal substances were created together?
DOUBTS on the text of the First Part of Master Peter's Second Distinction
DISTINCTION II: Part II: On the place, where the Angels were created.
ARTICLE I: On the nature of the empyrean Heaven in itself.
Question 1: Whether there is an empyrean Heaven, and of what kind is it?
Question 2: Whether the empyrean Heaven has an influence upon those (things) inferior (to it)?ARTICLE II: On the manner, in which Angels are in a place.
Question 1: Whether Angels are in a corporeal place?
Question 2: Whether an Angel is ever and at once in several places?Question 3: Whether an Angel is in an indivisible or point-like place?
Question 4: Whether several Angels are together in the same place?
DOUBTS on the text of the Second Part of Master Peter's Second Distinction
Part I, Chapter 1: Angels of what kind were made?
Chapter 2: Whether all the Angels were equal in essence, wisdom, and liberty of judgment?
Chapter 3: What common and equal goods did the Angels have?
Part II, Chapter 4: Whether they were created good, and/or evil, and whether there was any delay between their creation and fall?
Chapter 5: On the threefold wisdom of the Angels before their downfall and/or confirmation.
Chapter 6: Whether they had any love for God and/or for themselves before their downfall?DISTINCTION III: Part I: How were the Angels created in regard to their natural attributes?, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the simplicity of the essence in the Angels.
Question 1: Whether the Angels were composed out of matter and form?
Question 2: Whether the matter, out of which the Angels have been composed, is the same with the matter of corporals?
Question 3: Whether the matter of corporal and non-corporal things is one in number?ARTICLE II: On personal discretion among the Angels.
Question 1: Whether in the Angels there is merely a personal discretion?
Question 2: Whether the personal property in the Angels is a substantial one, and/or an accidental one?
Question 3: Whether a personal discretion is on the part of a formal principle, and/or a material principle?
DOUBTS on the text of the First Part of Master Peter's Third Distinction
DISTINCTION III: Part II: On the habits superadded to the Angels through nature.
ARTICLE I: On the quality, which the Angel had in his creation.
Question 1: Whether God established an evil Angel?
Question 2: Whether an Angel was in the first instant of his creation evil by his own will?ARTICLE II: On an Angel’s natural cognition.
Question 1: Whether all the things, which an Angel cognizes, he cognized through innate species?
Question 2: Whether an Angel through natural cognition cognized the Divine Essence in Itself without the medium and support of a creature?
ARTICLE III: On the Angel’s natural dilection.
Question 1: Whether the Angels by natural dilection loved God for His own sake and above all things?
Question 2: Whether an Angel by natural dilection loves his superior more, or his peer, or his inferior?
DOUBTS on the text of the Second Part of Master Peter's Third Distinction
The Franciscan Archive
is honored to publish
the English Translation and Commentary
of
Edward Dean Buckner
© 2007
on St. Bonaventure of Bagnoregio’s
Commentaries on the Second Book of Sentences
OF MASTER PETER LOMBARD
Distinction 3, part I,
Article I : On the simplicity of the essence in the Angels
and
Article II : On personal discreteness in the Angels.
with his Introduction to the Latin text.
of the Kilian Fischer edition of 1493
Chapter 1: Whether the Angels were created perfect and blessed, or wretched and imperfect?
DISTINCTION IV: On the habits constituting the Angels in the state of perfection, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: How the Angels were created in regard to glory and grace.
Question 1: Whether the Angels were created in beatitude or glory?
Question 2: Whether the Angels were created in grace?ARTICLE II: On the Angels in regard to the foreknowledge of their future outcome.
Question 1: Whether to the good Angels their future permanence ought to have been revealed?
Question 2: Whether to the evil angels there could have been revealed their damnation?
ARTICLE III: On the morning and evening cognition of the Angels.
Question 1: Whether the Angels in their very creation had a morning cognition?
Question 2: Whether the Angels now have an evening cognition?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Fourth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the confirmation and conversion of those standing, and the aversion and lapse of those falling.
Chapter 2: Briefly touches upon free will.
Chapter 3: Whether anything had been given to those standing, by which they were converted.
Chapter 4: Which grace the Angels needed, and which they did not.
Chapter 5: Whether their aversion is to be imputed to their falls.
Chapter 6: Whether the beatitude, which the standing accepted in confirmation, they merited through some grace apportioned at that time.DISTINCTION V: What the Angels became by their aversion and conversion, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On Lucifer’s turning away.
Question 1: Whether Lucifer sinned by the sin of pride?
Question 2: Whether Lucifer desired to be God’s equal peer?ARTICLE II: On the turning away of the lesser Angels.
Question 1: Whether the lesser Angels sinned by a sin of pride?
Question 2: Whether the sin of the lesser Angels has an order to the sin of Lucifer?
ARTICLE III: On the conversion of the good Angels.
Question 1: Whether the conversion of the good Angels was by the virtue of nature, and/or by the help of grace?
Question 2: Whether in the conversion of the good Angels merit preceded reward, and/or vice versa?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Fifth Distinction
Chapter 1: That of the greater and lesser Angels, certain ones fell down, among whom one was loftier, namely Lucifer.
Chapter 2: Whence and whither they were cast down.
Chapter 3: For what reason has it not been conceded to them to dwell in Heaven, and/or on Earth.
Chapter 4: On the prelations of the demons.
Chapter 5: Whether all the demons are in this gloomy air, or whether some are in Hell.
Chapter 6: On the power of Lucifer.
Chapter 7: Whether demons, once conquered by the Saints, thereafter approach other men.DISTINCTION VI: On the ruin of the evil angels, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: From which Order the evil angels fell.
Question 1: Whether Lucifer was from the supreme Order of the Angels?
Question 2: From which Order did the lesser Angels fall?ARTICLE II: Into what did the lapsed angels fall?
Question 1: Whether the angels fell into the place of Hell?
Question 2: Whether the demons fell into infernal punishment?
ARTICLE III: On the order and the prelation of the Angels after their fall.
Question 1: Whether among the demons there is a distinction of Orders?
Question 2: Whether among the evil angels there is prelation?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Sixth Distinction
Part I, Chapter 1: Whether good Angels can sin, and/or evil angels uprightly live.
Chapter 2: That though each have free will, yet they cannot be bent to each.
Chapter 3: That the good Angels have a more free judgment after their confirmation than before.
Chapter 4: That the good Angels cannot sin from their nature, just as they could before.
Part II, Chapter 5: In what manners evil angels may know the truth of temporal things.
Chapter 6: That the arts of magic prevail by the virtue and knowledge of the Devil, which is theirs from God.
Chapter 7: That the matter of visible things does not serve the evil angels at will.
Chapter 8: That the evil angels are not creators, though through them mages make frogs and other things;
just as neither do the good Angels, even if through their ministry creatures come to be.
Chapter 9: That God alone so works the creation of things, just as He does the justification of the mind.
Chapter 10: That evil angels can do many things through their own natural vigor, which they cannot do on account of God’s prohibition.DISTINCTION VII: Part I: On the confirmation and obstinacy of the Angels, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the malignity of obstinacy in regard to the evil spirits.
Question 1: Whether the affection and/or will of a demon can be rectified?
Question 2: Whether in demons there is a continuation of an evil will?
Question 3: Whether the evil will in demons is intensified?ARTICLE II: On the immutability of free will both in the confirmed, and in the obstinate.
Question 1: Whether the confirmation of the good Angels changes the judgment of their will’s liberty?
Question 2: Whether obstinacy takes away from the demons the use of the liberty of their will?
Question 3: Whether confirmation in the good, and/or obstinacy in evil diminishes the dominion of the liberty of judgment?DISTINCTION VII: Part II: On the consequences of the obstinacy of the evil angels, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the cognition of the demons.
Question 1: Whether there occurs in demons a deception about things present?
Question 2: Whether there occurs in demons a forgetfulness?
Question 3: Whether in demons there is a precognition in regard to things future?ARTICLE II: On the virtue of the power of demons.
Question 1: Whether there occurs in demons a deception about things present?
Question 2: Whether the demons can induce the true forms of things?
Question 3: Whether one can use the arts of magic without sin?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Seventh Distinction
Part I, Chapter 1: Whether all Angels are corporeal?
Chapter 2: On the forms, according to which God appeared, and on those, in which the Angels appear.
Chapter 3: That God in the appearance, according to which He is God, never has appeared to mortals.
Part II, Chapter 4: In what manner demons are said “to enter” into men.DISTINCTION VIII: Part I: On the power of the demons, which they have over bodies similar to human bodies, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the assumption of bodies in regard to the union of body and spirit.
Question 1: Whether the Angels have bodies naturally united to themselves?
Question 2: Whether the Angels at some time assume bodies for themselves?ARTICLE II: On the formation of an assumed body.
Question 1: Whether an assumed body has the true form of a human body?
Question 2: Whether the bodies assumed by Angels are made from a celestial or an elementary nature?ARTICLE III: On the operation of a formed and assumed body.
Question 1: Whether an Angel exercises in assumed bodies the operation of the vegetative power?
Question 2: Whether Angels exercise in assumed bodies the operations befitting the sensitive power?
DOUBTS on the First Part of the text of Master Peter's Eighth Distinction
DISTINCTION VIII: Part II: On the power of the demons in respect of men.
ARTICLE SOLE: On the power of demons in respect of men.
Question 1: Whether demons can dwell in human bodies?
Question 2: Whether demons can slip into souls?
Question 3: Whether demons can illude the senses?Question 4: Whether demons can instill thoughts?
Question 5: Whether demons can enkindle evil affections?
Question 6: Whether demons can scrutinize our conscience?In this second part, the Seraphic Doctor omits treatment of Doubts on the text of Master Peter
Chapter 1: On the distinction of the Angelic Orders.
Chapter 2: What is named an “Order”? and what is the reason for the name for each?
Chapter 3: That those names have been taken from the gifts of grace, and have been given them not for their own sake, but for our sake.
Chapter 4: Whether these Orders were distinguished from the start of creation?
Chapter 5: Whether all Angels of the same Order are equal?
Chapter 6: In what manner does Scripture say, that the tenth Order is to be completed from men?
Chapter 7: Whether men are assumed in accord with the number of the standing and/or of the lapsed spirits?DISTINCTION IX: On the distinction of the Angelic Orders, by St. Bonaventure
Prenotations concerning the names and divisions of the Angels
ARTICLE SOLE: On Orders of the Angels.
Question 1: Whether Angels of diverse Orders belong through nature to diverse species?
Question 2: Whether the distinction of Angels is by nature, or by grace?Question 3: Whether greater gratuitous gifts are given to the Angels by God according to the greater capacity of their natural gifts?
Question 4: From what is an Order of Angels denominated?
Question 5: Whether those to be saved are taken up to each one of the Orders of the Angels?
Question 6: Whether every preferment of the Angels will be emptied out after the Judgment?
Question 7: Whether there are only nine Orders of Angels, or whether there are more?
Question 8: Whether there is perfect equality in the same Order of Angels, or whether there is a certain gradation?
Question 9: Whether it is suitable for substances others than Angels to be distinguished through orders?
In this Distinction, the Seraphic Doctor omits treatment of Doubts on the text of Master Peter
Chapter 1: Whether all the celestial spirits are sent?
Chapter 2: Whether “Michael”, “Gabriel”, and “Raphael” are names of Orders, and/or of spirits?DISTINCTION X: On the ministry of the Angels, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: Whether good Angels are sent?
Question 1: Whether some Angels are sent?
Question 2: Whether it belongs to all the Angels to be sent?ARTICLE II: For what are the good Angels sent?
Question 1: Whether the Angels are sent to inflame our affection?
Question 2: Whether the Angels are sent to illumine our intellect?ARTICLE III: In what kind of manner do the Angels execute their office?
Question 1: Whether the speech of an Angel is the same as his thought?
Question 2: Whether the same locution can be from God and from an Angel?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Tenth Distinction
Chapter 1: That souls have each a good Angel to guard them, and an evil angel to exercise them.
Chapter 2: Whether Angels make progress in merit and reward up until the Judgment?DISTINCTION XI: On ministry of the Angels in respect of men, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: About the Angels’ custody of men.
Question 1: Whether Angels ought to be deputed to guard a fallen man?
Question 2: Whether it was suitable, that an Angel be deputed to guard the man founded before the fall?
Question 3: Whether Christ had a guardian Angel?ARTICLE II: On those things which are annexed to angelic custody.
Question 1: Whether an Angel withdraws the benefice of his custody from a man on account of his obstinacy?
Question 2: Whether a guardian Angel’s joy is amplified on account of the beatification of the one guarded?
Question 3: Whether an Angel incurs any detriment on account of the damnation of the one guarded?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Eleventh Distinction
Chapter 1: On the distinction of the Six Days.
Chapter 2: That some thought that all things were made in matter and form, others that this happened through intervals of time.
Chapter 3: In what manner corporal things were founded through intervals of time.
Chapter 4: In what sense are the tenebrae said to be something, and in what sense they are said not to be something?
Chapter 5: For what reason is that confused matter said to be “formless”? and where it came to be, and how everso much did it ascend on high?
Chapter 6: On the four manners of Divine Operation.DISTINCTION XII: On foundation of corporal nature, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: About the formlessness of matter.
Question 1: Whether the matter of corporals was created in omnimodal possibility?
Question 2: Whether matter was produced in perfect actuality?
Question 3: Whether the matter of corporal things was created under any diversity of forms?ARTICLE II: On the quantity of the matter itself.
Question 1: Whether of celestial and corporal bodies there is one matter as much as regards esse?
Question 2: Whether prime matter was produced in a Day, or before every day?
Question 3: What relation did that formless matter have to place?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Twelfth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the work of the first distinction.
Chapter 2: On the light made on the First Day, whether it was spiritual, or corporal?
Chapter 3: Where was it made?
Chapter 4: In what manners “day” is accepted.
Chapter 5: On the natural order of the computation of Days, and on that, which was introduced as a mystery.
Chapter 6: On the understanding of these words: “God said”.
Chapter 7: In what sense the Father is said “to work in the Son”, and/or “through the Son”, and/or “in the Holy Spirit”.DISTINCTION XIII: On the information of matter through the common form of light, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the very production of light
Question 1: Whether the light made on the first day was corporal, or spiritual?
Question 2: Whether that light caused the day and night?ARTICLE II: On the essence and nature of light itself in itself.
Question 1: Whether light is a body, and/or the form of a body?
Question 2: Whether light is a substantial form, and/or an accidental one?ARTICLE III: On the effect and irradiation of light.
Question 1: Whether the light, which goes forth from a luminous body, is a body?
Question 2: Whether the light is a substantial form, or an accidental one?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Thirteenth Distinction
Part I, Chapter 1: On the work of the Second Day, on which the firmament was made.
Chapter 2: Which heaven ought to be understood to have been made then.
Chapter 3: From which matter was it made?
Chapter 4: In what manner can waters be above the sky, and what kind are they?
Chapter 5: On the shape of the firmament.
Chapter 6: Why Scripture is silent concerning the blessing of the work of this Day.
Part II, Chapter 7: On the work of the third day, when the waters were gathered together into one.
Chapter 8: How all the waters were gathered together into one place, even though there are many seas and rivers.
Chapter 9: On the work of the Fourth Day, on which the luminaries of heaven were made.
Chapter 10: In what manner is this to be accepted: Let them be for signs and seasons?DISTINCTION XIV: Part I: On the production of insensible, containing things, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the nature of the heavens.
Question 1: Whether the crystalline heaven is from the nature of water?
Question 2: Or whether the firmament is the same as the element of fire?ARTICLE II: On the heavens in regard to their shape.
Question 1: Whether a heaven is of an orbicular shape?
Question 2: Whether in a heaven there is a positing of a ‘right and left’?ARTICLE III: On the heavens in comparison to the influence of their mover.
Question 1: Whether a heaven is moved immediately by God?
Question 2: Whether the movement of a heaven is from its own form, and/or from an Intelligence?
DOUBTS on the First Part of the text of Master Peter's Fourteenth Distinction
DISTINCTION XIV: Part II: On the production of insensible, contained things, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the luminaries in comparison to the body, in which they are located.
Question 1: Whether all the luminaries of heaven are located in one continuous body?
Question 2: Whether the luminaries of heaven are moved in their own orbs by their own movements?
Question 3: Whether it convenes with any orb to move without stars?ARTICLE II: On the luminaries in comparison to those, upon which they act.
Question 1: Whether the luminaries of heaven have a diversity of perfections?
Question 2: Whether diverse luminaries have diverse impressions upon corporal things?
Question 3: Whether the diversity of morals among men is caused out of the impressions of luminaries?
DOUBTS on the Second Part of the text of Master Peter's Fourteenth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the work of the fifth day, on which the swimming and flying creatures were made
Chapter 2: On the work of the sixth day, on which were created the animals and creeping things of the land.
Chapter 3: On venomous and harmful animals.
Chapter 4: Whether the smallest creatures were created at that time?
Chapter 5: Why man was made after all things.
Chapter 6: On the sentence of those who contend that all things were made together.
Chapter 7: In what manner is God’s “rest” to be understood?
Chapter 8: In what manner is it to be accepted, that God is said to have completed His work on the seventh day, when He then rested?
Chapter 9: In what manner are all things made by God said to be “very good”?
Chapter 10: On the sanctification of the seventh day.DISTINCTION XV: On the production of things mixed and sensible or of the animals, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: Whether sensible creatures or animals were made?
Question 1: Whether the souls of irrational creatures were produced out of something?
Question 2: Whether the bodies of animals were composed out of the four elements?
Question 3: Whether the bodies of animals are established more out of the passive elements than the active ones?ARTICLE II: On the order, in which the animals were produced.
Question 1: Whether all sensible creatures were made for man’s sake?
Question 2: In what order, on the part of time, did God produce sensible things?Question 3: Which is the order of the production of the animals in respect to God’s rest?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Fifteenth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the creation of man.
Chapter 2: What kind of man was made?
Chapter 3: On the image and similitude, to which man was made.
Chapter 4: Why man is said to be an “image” and “made to the image”,
but the Son is not said to be “made to the image”?DISTINCTION XVI: In what kind of manner did God produce man to His image?, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: In what kind of manner is man an image according to an absolute consideration?
Question 1: Whether man is truly an image of God?
Question 2: Whether man is an image of God naturally?
Question 3: Whether ‘to be the image of God’ befits man properly, such that it befits no other?ARTICLE II: On the image of God according to a related consideration?
Question 1: Whether the reckoning of the image of God is found more principally in the Angel than in the soul?
Question 2: Whether the image of God is more principally in the male than in the female?Question 3: Whether the image of God is more principally in the cognitive part than the affective one?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Sixteenth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the creation of the soul, or whether it was made from something?
Chapter 2: On the insufflation and inspiration of God; when was the soul made, whether in the body, or outside of it?
Chapter 3: At what age man was made.
Chapter 4: Why man, having been created outside of Paradise, was placed in paradise.
Chapter 5: In which manners is “paradise” accepted?
Chapter 6: On the Tree of Life.
Chapter 7: On the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil.DISTINCTION XVII: On the production of Adam in regard to constituent principles, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the production of man in regard to the soul.
Question 1: Whether the human soul is out of God’s Substance?
Question 2: Whether the soul of Adam was produced out of matter?
Question 3: Whether the soul of Adam was produced before the body, and/or afterward?ARTICLE II: On the production of man in regard to the body.
Question 1: Whether the body of Adam ought to have been produced from a purely celestial nature?
Question 2: Whether the body of Adam was constituted out of a purely elementary nature?Question 3: Whether the body of Adam was constituted out of the elements in an equal complexion and composition?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Seventeenth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the formation of the woman.
Chapter 2: For what reason was she formed from the side of the man, and not from another part of his body?
Chapter 3: For what reason was the rib withdrawn from the man sleeping, and not waking?
Chapter 4: Why was she made from a rib, multiplied in itself without the addition of any extrinsic thing?
Chapter 5: On superior and inferior causes.
Chapter 6: Of the causes, which are at once in God and in creatures, and of those, which are only in God.
Chapter 7: On the soul of the woman, which is not from the soul of the man, because souls are not on account of a transduction.DISTINCTION XVIII: On the formation of woman from man., by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the production of the body of the woman from the side of the man.
Question 1: Whether the body of the woman was produced?
Question 2: Whether the woman was formed from the rib of the man according to a seminal reason?
Question 3: Whether a seminal reason is a universal form, and/or a singular one?ARTICLE II: On the production of the soul of Eve and of other men.
Question 1: Whether the souls of all men are one in substance, or diverse?
Question 2: Whether the souls of all men were produced together?Question 3: Whether a rational soul is out of a transduction?
DOUBTS on the text of Master Peter's Eighteenth Distinction
Chapter 1: On the state of man before the sin, such as it was according to the body, and such as it was after the sin.
Chapter 2: In what manner is man said to have been made into a living soul?
Chapter 3: The body of man before sin was mortal and immortal, after sin dead.
Chapter 4: Whether the immortality, which it then had, was from the condition of its nature, or whether it was out of the benefice of a grace?
Chapter 5: Whether man could live forever, using the other trees and not the Tree of Life, with God not commanding, that he eat from it?
Chapter 6: On the first and second immortality of the body.DISTINCTION XIX: On the immortality of man, by St. Bonaventure
ARTICLE I: On the immortality of man on the part of his soul.
Question 1: Whether the human soul is immortal through nature?
Question 2: Whether every soul, even that of a brute, was from its first condition immortal?ARTICLE II: On the immortality of Adam on the part of his body.
Question 1: Whether the body of Adam, with him not sinning, could be dissolved?
Question 2: Whether, with Adam sinning, his body could be perpetuated through the eating of the Tree of Life?ARTICLE III: On the immortality of the first man as much as regards the conjunct.
Question 1: Whether immortality was in man by nature, and/or by grace?
Question 2: Whether the immortality of innocence would have been the same through essence with the immortality of glory?
DOUBTS on the First Part of the text of Master Peter's Nineteenth Distinction
DISTINCTION XIX
On Human Generation
Scholars who wish to request a personal copy of the Latin/English text of this Distinction,
along with Bonaventure’s Commentary on the same, may request such by contacting the Commentary Project
through the link at the bottom of this page. This Distinction will be published on the CD-Rom edition of Book II, Deo volente,
but not on the Web, for the sake of guarding the purity of Christ’s little ones.
FOR THE PUBLICATION SCHEDULE FOR THE REST OF BOOK II
OF MASTER PETER’S BOOK OF SENTENCES AND ST. BONAVENTURE’S COMMENTARIA,
SEE THE COMMENTARY PROJECT
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